ABSTRACT
Background: Fetal anatomy is now becoming popular with advancement in fetal surgery in-utero. The knowledge regarding the embryonic development of vertebral canal plays an important role in diagnosis of congenital anomalies as well as fetal surgeries of the vertebral canal. Methods: Sixty fetuses which were preserved in 10% formalin were divided into five groups according to the gestational age. Spinal cord was exposed by opening vertebral canal from behind by laminectomy. The parameters like length of cervical part of vertebral canal, transverse diameter of canal at different vertebral levels, transverse and antero-posterior diameter of spinal cord were measured. Results: All parameters of cervical vertebral canal i.e. length of vertebral canal, transverse diameters at different vertebral levels exhibited a stable but variable rate of growth with advancing gestational age. Similarly, the parameters of spinal cord, antero-posterior and transverse diameters of spinal cord at upper, middle and lower vertebral levels revealed similar growth pattern with increasing gestational age. Conclusion: These measurements prove to be helpful in deciding the age of the fetus, early diagnosis of congenital disease and in utero fetal surgeries.
ABSTRACT
The prasinophytes (early diverging Chlorophyta), consisting of simple unicellular green algae, occupy a critical position at the base of the green algal tree of life, with some of its representatives viewed as the cell form most similar to the first green alga, the ‘ancestral green flagellate’. Relatively large-celled unicellular eukaryotic phytoflagellates (such as Tetraselmis and Scherffelia), traditionally placed in Prasinophyceae but now considered as members of Chlorodendrophyceae (core Chlorophyta), have retained some primitive characteristics of prasinophytes. These organisms share several ultrastructural features with the other core chlorophytes (Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae and Chlorophyceae). However, the role of Chlorodendrophycean algae as the evolutionary link between cellular individuality and cellular cooperation has been largely unstudied. Here, we show that clonal populations of a unicellular chlorophyte, Tetraselmis indica, consist of morphologically and ultrastructurally variant cells which arise through asymmetric cell division. These cells also differ in their physiological properties. The structural and physiological differences in the clonal cell population correlate to a certain extent with the longevity and function of cells.
ABSTRACT
Background: Development of dermatoglyphics pattern is under genetic control and it is established that aetiology of club foot is partly environmental and partly genetic. So study of dermatoglyphics pattern in club foot patient may become a diagnostic tool to know the development & inheritance of this clinical disorder. Methods: A total of 42 male child aged b/w 1-8 year were included, for obtaining the palmar and finger tip print standard ink method suggested by Kilgariff was used, and each palmar and finger print were examined for important parameters like loops, whorls, arches, a-t-d angle, a-b ridge count and TFRC count. Then results were tabulated and analysed statistically. Results: Frequency of whorls increase in both hands significantly, frequency of arches and ulnar loops decrease significantly, frequency of radial loops increase in right hand and decrease in left hand but difference was not significant. TFRC count was reduced significantly and no significant difference was found in a-t-d angle and a-b ridge count. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics is a genetically determined reliable marker for detecting the incidence of club foot. Merely by identifying the dermatoglyphics pattern of couples with family history of club foot may be at risk of having their offspring affected, and they can be diagnosed early and preventive measures can be taken.